Currently, the practical applications of AZIBs still face enormous challenges, mainly including the following factors : (1) the rapid capacity decay is accompanied by the cathode degradation during the repeated interaction and extraction of Zn 2+/H + ions (2) the undesirable dendrite formation, corrosion, and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on the Zn anode is irreversible, which hinders the cyclability of the zinc anode (3) the operational voltage of AZIBs is restricted by narrow electrochemical stability window of aqueous electrolytes. Differently, AZIBs have more potential prospects for large-scale applications due to multi-angle superiorities over LIBs ( Figure 1b). As shown in Figure 1a, AZIBs have a similar charge and discharge mechanism as LIBs: Zn 2+ acts as a carrier in the circuit, reversibly extracting/inserting (cathode) and plating/stripping (anode) upon charging/discharging. Importantly, compared to other aqueous mental/non-mental ion batteries and different EES technologies, AZIBs possess a relatively higher energy–power density combination, which indicates that the development of AZIBs is of great promise. standard hydrogen electrode) Zn metal shows higher stability and excellent Zn/Zn 2+ reversibility in aqueous media due to its appropriate redox potential (4) high capacity: Zn metal has a high theoretical capacity (820 mAh g − mAh cm −3). Therefore, researchers focus on developing aqueous mental/non-mental ion batteries (Na +, K +, Zn 2+, Mg 2+, H +, Cl −, etc.) due to their higher safety and lower cost in meeting the ever-growing demands of the energy industry.įortunately, among the various aqueous batteries mentioned above, aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) hold great promise as the candidate for large-scale energy storage applications featuring several benefits : (1) cost-effectiveness Zn metal is inexpensive due to its natural abundance, and an open-air manufacturing environment lowers the production cost (2) intrinsic safety neutral or mildly acidic aqueous electrolytes are innocuous and nonflammable (3) zinc metal’s proper redox potential (−0.763 V vs. Considering the above bottlenecks, LIBs are not available as energy storage systems at the grid level. However, their future large-scale applications are still impeded by some significant drawbacks : (1) high prices owing to the expensive electrode materials and stringent cell assembly conditions (2) safety hazards from highly toxic and flammable organic electrolytes (3) limited resources of the raw lithium and cobalt materials in nature. Especially, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have achieved great success in commercialization and have occupied the dominant position in portable electronic devices and electric vehicle markets due to their high energy density and long service life. Among various ESSs, electrochemical energy storage (EES) technologies, including lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and zinc-ion batteries, play a promising role in the energy revolution. In the meantime, developing energy storage systems (ESSs) cannot only overcome the non-continuity shortcoming of the abovementioned energy resources but also enable stable energy supplies. Subsequently, renewable energies such as wind, solar, and wave energy have been investigated extensively in recent years. Owing to a sizable amount of fossil fuel consumption, the world faces the challenge of an energy crisis and environmental deterioration. Our work can give some clues for raising the practical application level of aqueous ZIBs. Finally, we propose the future development of MOF-based materials in AZIBs. For anode protection, we systematically analyze MOF-based materials used as 3D Zn architecture, solid electrolyte interfaces, novel separators, and solid-state electrolytes, highlighting the improvement in the cyclic stability of Zn anodes. For cathode preparation, we mainly introduce novel MOF-based electrode materials such as pure MOFs, porous carbon materials, metal oxides, and their compounds, focusing on the analysis of the specific capacity of AZIBs. Based on preceding contributions, this review aims to generalize two design principles for MOF-based materials in AZIBs: cathode preparation and anode protection. Recently, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their derivatives have gained significant attention and are widely used in AZIBs due to their highly porous structures, large specific surface area, and ability to design frameworks for Zn 2+ shuttle. However, their commercialization is currently hindered by several challenging issues, including cathode degradation and zinc dendrite growth. Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are promising for large-scale energy storage systems due to their high safety, large capacity, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness.
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